Rampas accesibles
Las rampas no suelen ser ACCESIBLES, tenemos la idea de que por colocar una, el acceso está solucionado y más aún, pensamos que solo se colocan para personas con discapacidad, y esto es un gran error que muchos cometen, las rampas bien ejecutadas, ayudan a todo el mundo, a las personas con discapacidad lógicamente, pero también a las embarazadas, personas que llevan un carrito de bebe, los vecinos que llevan la compra, gente mayor, personas con muletas, etc. Todos en algún momento somos usuarios de ellas y agradecemos su existencia.
Hoy vamos a compartir unos criterios básicos para comprobar que una rampa está bien ejecutada y saber que antes de su instalación debemos tener en cuenta unos criterios sencillos, pero que consiguen que colocar un plano inclinado para salvar desniveles sea una ventaja en vez de un “tobogán”.
¿Qué elementos debe tener una rampa?
- Tendrá una superficie antideslizante, pero que facilite el tránsito de una silla de ruedas.
- Se colocarán unas franjas podotáctiles, que facilitan el recorrido a las personas con discapacidad visual.
- Barandillas a ambos lados y a doble altura para facilitar el apoyo de cualquier persona en todo su recorrido.
- Se colocará un rodapié en todo su perímetro.
Uno de los puntos más importantes para que una rampa haga su función es la pendiente, os vamos a enseñar como calcularla, la pendiente se calcula con la siguiente fórmula:
Pte (%) = (h/D) x 100
- Pte = pendiente de la rampa.
- h = altura a salvar / desnivel.
- D = distancia en horizontal a la que tiene que llegar la rampa en si para conseguir la pendiente adecuada.
Lo habitual es encontrarnos con el desnivel a salvar y la pendiente a utilizar para ello despejamos la formula, quedando de la siguiente forma:
D = (Pte (%)/h) x100
Os dejamos un ejemplo, imaginemos que tenemos un desnivel de 0,7 m y necesitamos conseguir una pendiente para cumplir normativa del 8%, la distancia que necesitamos de rampa es:
D = (Pte (%)/h) x100 → D = (0.08/0.7) x100 → D = 11, 42 metros en horizontal.
La Orden VIV/561/2010 en el Artículo 14, dice,
1. En un itinerario peatonal accesible se consideran rampas los planos inclinados destinados a salvar inclinaciones superiores al 6% o desniveles superiores a 20 cm y que cumplan con las siguientes características:
- a) Los tramos de las rampas tendrán una anchura mínima libre de paso de 1,80 m y una longitud máxima de 10 m.
- b) La pendiente longitudinal máxima será del 10% para tramos de hasta 3 m de longitud y del 8% para tramos de hasta 10 m de longitud.
- c) La pendiente transversal máxima será del 2%.
- d) Los rellanos situados entre tramos de una rampa tendrán el mismo ancho que esta, y una profundidad mínima de 1,80 m cuando exista un cambio de dirección entre los tramos; ó 1,50 m cuando los tramos se desarrollen en directriz recta.
- e) El pavimento será duro, estable, antideslizante en seco y en mojado, sin piezas ni elementos sueltos, con independencia del sistema constructivo que, en todo caso, impedirá el movimiento de las mismas. Su colocación y mantenimiento asegurará su continuidad y la inexistencia de resaltes
2. Se colocarán pasamanos a ambos lados de cada tramo de rampa. Serán continuos en todo su recorrido y se prolongarán 30 cm más allá del final de cada tramo. Tendrán una altura mínima de 0,90 m, cuando la diferencia de cota que protejan sea menor de 6 m, y de 1,10 m en los demás casos.
En caso de existir desniveles laterales a uno o ambos lados de la rampa, se colocarán barandillas de protección o zócalos.
3. Al inicio y al final de la rampa deberá existir un espacio de su misma anchura y una profundidad mínima de 1,50 m libre de obstáculos, que no invada el itinerario peatonal accesible.
4. Se señalizarán los extremos de la rampa mediante el uso de una franja de pavimento táctil indicador direccional, colocada en sentido transversal a la marcha.
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